Because early detection of breast cancer offers the best chance for successful treatment, routine screening and vigilance by women is vitally important. The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends the following guidelines for breast cancer screening in asymptomatic women:
- Mammography - Mammograms, an X-ray test that uses a very low dose of radiation to find lumps or abnormal areas in the breast, can detect small cancers years before they are palpable. The ACS currently recommends that women have their first mammogram at age 40 and annual mammograms thereafter.
- Clinical Breast Exam - Physicians should perform a breast examination as part of a regular physician exam. The physician will palpate (feel) both breasts and also check for enlarged lymph nodes, particularly in the underarm area and above the collarbone. The ACS recommends that women in their 20s and 30s undergo a clinical breast exam every 3 years. Women age 40 and older are advised to have annual clinical breast exams.
- Breast Self-Exam (BSE) - There is some discrepancy among various advocacy groups concerning recommendations for a monthly BSE to detect cancer or reduce deaths from cancer. However, women who frequently examine their breasts are more likely to find lumps at an early, more treatable stage.
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Patients considered at high risk for breast cancer (See Risk Factors) should discuss with their physician whether they should maintain a more frequent surveillance schedule or whether other specialized testing is appropriate.